2D membrane

Using the standard electrospinning setup, the product is usually a nonwoven or randomly distributed nanofibrous membrane. This structure is generally good enough as filter membrane and the same structure has been tested for other applications. Most electrospun nanofiber mass-production setup is for generating nonwoven membranes. To expand the range of potential applications and performance, researchers have come out with setups for fabricating membranes made of aligned nanofibers.

Non-woven membrane

Aligned nanofiber membrane. See Ordered Structure

Self-organized dimpled membrane. How is it formed?