Inorganic precursor electrospinning data

Note: There are several parameters that influences the electrospinning process and the morphology of the resultant nanofibers. One of the most important parameters is the concentration of the solution but it is by no means the only parameter. The data listed in this page should only be used as a reference and a starting guide to optimizing the conditions specific to your environment.

Ceramic	Precursors	Properties	Reference
NiTO₃	Ti(OC₄H₉)₄, Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O (1:1),	Visible-light photocatalytic	Jing et al 2014
Perovskite lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr0.5, Ti0.5)O3	Lead acetate trihydrate, zirconium (IV) n-propoxide, titanium (IV) isopropoxide	Pyroelectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, elasto-optic effect	Dharmaraj et al 2005
Barium titanate BaTiO3	Barium acetate, titanium isopropoxide	Ferroelectric effect	Yuh et al 2005
Lithium cobaltate LiCoO2	Lithium acetate, cobalt acetate	High energy density	Gu et al 2005
Zinc oxide ZnO	Zinc acetate	Direct-band-gap semiconductor	Viswanathamurthi et al 2004
Titania TiO2	Titanium(IV) propoxide	Photoelectrochemical	Song et al 2004
Tin oxide SnO2	Anhydrous tin (IV) chloriline SnCl4	Binary semiconductor	Wang et al 2005
Cerium dioxide CeO2	Cerium nitrate	Automative catalyst, filtering ultraviolet rays	Yang et al 2004
Magnesium titanate MgTiO3	Magnesium ethoxide, titanium isopropoxide	Relatively low dielectric constant	Dharmaraj et al 2004
Alumina-borate	Aluminium acetate stabilized with boric acid	Stability at high temperature	Dai et al 2002
Niobium oxide	Niobium ethoxide	Electrochromic property, high refractive index	Viswanathamurthi et al 2003a
Vanadium pentoxide	Vanadium oxideisopropoxide	Good electrical transport properties	Viswanathamurthi et al 2003b
Nickel oxide NiO	Nickel acetate	Catalytic, magnetic and electrochromic	Guan et al 2003
Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2,HA	Ca(NO3)2.H2O and (C2H5O)3PO	Biocompatible, chemical and morphologic similarities to calcified tissues	Wu et al 2004

Precursor	Solvent and additives	Concentration	Conductivity	Reference
Isotropic pitch	N,N-dimethyl formamide	40wt%	83 Scm-1	Park et al 2004
Polyacrylonitrile	N,N-dimethyl formamide	10-20wt%	1.96 Scm-1	Kim et al 2004c
Polyacrylonitrile	Dimethylacetamide containing iron(III)acetylacetonate	10wt%	>13 Scm-1	Park et al 2005
Polyacrylonitrile	N,N-dimethyl formamide with 10wt% multi-walled carbon nanotubes	Not specified	35 Scm-1	Ra et al 2005
Polyamic acid	80% Tetrahydrofuran : 20% methanol	Not specified	5.26 Scm-1	Kim et al 2004d
Polyimide (Matrimid* 5218)	Dimethylacetamide containing iron(III)acetylacetonate	20wt%	Not specified	Chung et al 2005
Polybenzimidazol	Dimethylacetamide	20wt%	35 Scm-1	Kim et al 2004e
Polyvinyl alcohol	Distilled water	11.8wt%	Not specified	Tovmash et al 2005

Metal	Precursors	Properties	Reference
Gold	HAuCl₄.3H₂O in ethanol and poly(acrylic acid)	-	Reference
Nickel	20 wt % aqueous NiAc solution / 10 wt % PVA aqueous solution at weight ratio of 1:3	Strongly enhanced the magnetic properties	Barakat N A M et al 2009
Copper	Copper acetate dissolved in poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA)	Transparent with mechanical flexibility on plastic substrate	Wu et al 2010

▼ Reference

Barak N A M, Kim B, Kim H Y. Production of Smooth and Pure Nickel Metal Nano?bers by the Electrospinning Technique: Nano?bers Possess Splendid Magnetic Properties. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009; 113: 531 - 536.
Chung G S, Jo S M and Kim B C 2005 Properties of Carbon Nanofibers Prepared from Electrospun Polyimide J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 97 165
Dai H, Gong J, Kim H and Lee D 2002 A novel method for preparing ultra-fine alumina-borate oxide fibres via an electrospinning technique Nanotechnology 13 674
Dharmaraj N, Kim C H and Kim H Y 2005 Pb(Zr0.5,Ti0.5)O3 nanofibres by electrospinning Mater. Lett. 59 3046
Dharmaraj N, Park H C, Viswanathamurthi P, Kim H Y and Lee D R 2004 Preparation and morphology of magnesium titanate nanofibres via electrospinning Inorg. Chem. Commun. 7 431
Gu Y, Chen D and Jiao X 2005 Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Nanostructured LiCoO2 Fibers as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries J. Phys. Chem. B 109 17901
Guan H, Shao C, Wen S, Chen B, Gong J and Yang X 2003 Preparation and characterization of NiO nanofibres via an electrospinning technique Inorg. Chem. Commun. 6 1302
Jing P, Lan W, Su Q, Yu M, Xie E. Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity of Novel NiTiO₃ Nanowires with Rosary-Like Shape. Science of Advanced Materials 2014; 6: 1.
Kim C, Park S H, Cho J I, Lee D Y, Park T J, Lee W J and Yang K S 2004c Raman spectroscopic evaluation of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers prepared by electrospinning J. Raman Spectrosc. 35 928
Kim C, Choi Y O, Lee W J and Yang K S 2004d Supercapacitor performances of activated carbon fiber webs prepared by electrospinning of PMDA-ODA poly(amic acid) solutions Electrochim. Acta 50 878
Kim C, Kim Y J and Kim Y A 2004e Fabrication and structural characterization of electro-spun polybenzimidazol-derived carbon nanofiber by graphitization Solid State Commun. 132 567
Park S H, Kim C and Yang K S 2004 Preparation of carbonized fiber web from electrospinning of isotropic pitch Synthetic Met. 143 175
Park S H, Jo S M, Kim D Y, Lee W S and Kim B C 2005 Effects of iron catalyst on the formation of crystalline domain during carbonization of electrospun acrylic acid Synthetic Met. In Press
Pol V G, Koren E, Zaban A. Fabrication of Continuous Conducting Gold Wires by Electrospinning. Chem. Mater. 2008; 20: 3055.
Ra E J, An K H, Kim K K, Jeong S Y and Lee Y H 2005 Anistropic electrical conductivity of MWCNT/PAN nanofiber paper Chem. Phys. Lett. 413 188
Song M Y, Kim D K, Ihn K J, Jo S M and Kim D Y 2004 Electrospun TiO2 electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells Nanotechnology 15 1861
Tovmash A V, Polevov V N, Mamagulashvili V G, Chernyaeva G A and Shepelev A D 2005 Fabrication of sorption-filtering nonwoven material from ultrafine polyvinyl alcohol carbonized fibres by electrospinning Fibre Chem. 37 187
Viswanathamurthi P, Bhattarai N, Kim H Y and Lee D R 2004 The photoluminescence properties of zinc oxide nanofibres prepared by electrospinning Nanotechnology 15 320
Viswanathamurthi P, Bhattarai N, Kim H Y, Lee D R, Kim S R and Morris M A 2003a Preparation and morphology of niobium oxide fibres by electrospinning Chem. Phys. Lett. 374 79
Viswanathamurthi P, Bhattarai N, Kim H Y and Lee D R 2003b Vanadium pentoxide nanofibers by electrospinning Scripta Mater. 49 577
Wang Y, Aponte M, Leon N, Ramos I, Furlan R, Pinto N, Evoy S and Santiago-Aviles J J 2005 Synthesis and Characterization of Ultra-Fine Tin Oxide Fibers Using Electrospinning J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88 2059
Wu H, Hu L, Rowell M W, Kong D, Cha J J, McDonough J R, Zhu J, Yang Y, McGehee M D, Cui Y. Electrospun Metal Nano?ber Webs as High-Performance Transparent Electrode. Nano Lett. 2010; 10: 4242.
Wu Y, Hench L L, Du J and Choy K L 2004 Preparation of Hydroxyapatite Fibers by Electrospinning Technique J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87 1988
Yang X, Shao C, Liu Y, Mu R and Guan H 2004 Nanofibers of CeO2 via an electrospinning technique Solid Thin Films 478 228
Yuh J, Nino J C and Sigmund W M 2005 Synthesis of barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanofibers via electrospinning Mater. Lett. 59 3645

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▼ Credit and Acknowledgement