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Stem cell differentiation on Electrospun Scaffold

The ability of stem cells to multiply and differentiate into specific lineages make them attractive candidate in tissue engineering and regeneration. There are various methods which electrospun nanofibrous scaffold can be used to direct stem cell differentiation to a selected cell lineage. Proteins or other biomolecules may be added to the electrospun scaffold for later release. The biomimetic nature of nanofibrous scaffold may facilitate and enhance the stem cell differentiation. Selection of aligned or randomly oriented nanofibers may also favour differentiation into particular cell lineage. The table below shows a list of stem cells and targeted cell lineage for differentiation with electrospun fibers as the scaffold.

Stem cell type Target Organ/Tissue or application Target lineage Fibrous scaffold description Reference
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells cartilage tissue Chondrocyte Randomly oriented polycaprolactone fibers; Diameter range from 500 to 900 nm Li et al 2005
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells cartilage tissue Chondrocyte Oriented polycaprolactone fibers; Diameter 500 nm Wise et al 2009
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells cartilage tissue Chondrocyte Randomly oriented Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide), 85:15; Average diameter of 760 nm Xin et al 2007
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells cartilage tissue Chondrocyte Randomly oriented polycaprolactone fibers; Diameter about 700 nm Li et al 2005
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells Bone Osteogenic cell Randomly oriented Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide), 85:15; Average diameter of 760 nm Xin et al 2007
Unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC), from human umbilical cord blood. Bone Osteogenic cell Randomly oriented collagen-grafted polyethersulfone; Average diameter of 710 nm Shabani et al 2011
Human mandible-derived mesenchymal stem cells Bone Osteogenic cell Randomly oriented nanofiber composite (nano-sized demineralized bone powders in poly-L-lactide); diameters ranging from 300 to 700nm Ko et al 2008
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells Bone Osteogenic cell Randomly oriented polycaprolactone fibers; Diameter range from 500 to 900 nm Li et al 2005
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells cartilage tissue Chondrocyte Randomly oriented polycaprolactone fibers; Diameter range from 500 to 900 nm Li et al 2005
Rat dental pulp stem cells Bone Osteogenic cell Randomly oriented poly(e-caprolactone)/gelatin fibers (diameter 161 nm) and poly(e-caprolactone)/gelatin fiber with addition of nano-hydroxyapatite (diameter 281 nm) Yang et al 2009
Human tendon stem/progenitor cells Tendon teno-lineage Aligned and random poly (L-lactic acid) fibrous scaffold. Fiber diameter of 430 and 450 nm respectively. Yin et al 2010
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells cartilage tissue Chondrocyte Randomly oriented polycaprolactone fibers; Diameter range from 500 to 900 nm Li et al 2005
Murine embryonic stem cells Cell-matrix model for uses in drug screening and other therapeutic development Adipocytes Randomly oriented polycaprolactone fibers; Diameter about 691 nm Kang et al 2007
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells Fat Tissue Adipocytes Randomly oriented polycaprolactone fibers; Diameter about 700 nm Li et al 2005
Adipose-derived stem cells Soft Tissue Adipocytes Randomly oriented fibers:
poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) ; Diameter 560 - 890 nm
poly(ester-urethane-urea); Diameter 1.02 - 1.28 µm
poly(ester-urethane); Diameter 0.65 - 1.14 µm 		Gugerell et al 2014
Adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells Bone Osteoblast Randomly oriented fibers:
poly-L-lactic-co-glycolic acid ; Diameter 700 nm
poly-L-lactic-co-glycolic acid blended with Demineralized Bone Matrix
 Polineri et al 2014
Rat brain-derived neural stem cells Neural tissue engineering Oligodendrocytes Randomly oriented polycaprolactone fibers; Diameter about 750 nm Nisbet 2008
Human bone derived Mesenchymal stem cells Neural tissue engineering Neuronal cell Randomly oriented poly(L-lactic acid)-co-poly-(3-caprolactone)/Collagen 1:1; Fiber diameter 230 nm Prabhakaran et al 2009
Rat hair follicle stem cells Neural tissue engineering Neuronal cell Polycaprolactone; Aligned fiber membrane (fiber diameter 350 nm) Hejazian et al 2012
Mouse embryoid body Nerve Neurons Randomly and aligned polycaprolactone fibers; Diameter about 250 nm Xie et al 2009
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells Nerve Neurons Randomly and aligned polycaprolactone fibers; Diameter about 250 nm Xie et al 2009
Murine embryonic stem cells Heart cardiomyocytes Randomly oriented polyurethane fibers; Diameter about 5 um Fromstein et al 2008
Urine-derived stem cells Skin (Wound-healing) Endothelial cells Randomly oriented polycaprolactone/gelatin fibers Fu et al 2014

Differentiation of stem cells to specific lineage is often influenced by multiple factors. Apart from topography of the underlying scaffold, mechanical stimulation also plays an important role. Kumar et al (2019) compared the gene expression of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) when cultured on electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) mesh and electrospun PCL mesh in collagen gel with both scaffolds in static and cyclic loading conditions. Significant expression of markers indicative of angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and tenogenesis were found on hMSC cultured on electrospun PCL mesh in collagen gel under cyclic loading after 7 days compared to the others. This showed that the synergistic combination of 3D structure and cyclic loading enhances the stem cell differentiation towards particular cell lineage.

Published date: 27 September 2013
Last updated: 18 June 2019

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